Que 1
Choose the correct
answer from the four options given below :-
(i) Which one of the
following processes is a gradational process?
(a) Deposition
(b) Volcanism
(c) Diastrophism
(d) Erosion
ANS.
(a) Deposition and (d) Erosion
(ii) Which one of the
following materials is affected by hydration process?
(a) Granite
(b) Quartz
(c) Clay
(d) Salt.
ANS.
(d) Salts.
(iii) In which
category the debris avalanche can be included?
(a) Landslide
(b) Slow
Flowing Mass Movement
(c) Rapid Flowing Mass Movement
(d) Subsidence
ANS.
(c) Rapid flowing mass movement
Que 2
Answer the following
questions in about 30 words:-
(i) Weathering is responsible for biodiversity on earth. How?
ANS.
Weathering: - The breakdown of rocks by itself is called
'weathering'.
The weathering process helps in breaking the rocks into smaller pieces and forming soil.
Weathering is also responsible for soil erosion and mass movement.
Bio-diversity is mainly due to weathering because biodiversity mainly depends
on forests and forest depends on the depth of weathering mantle.
If
there is no weathering of rocks, then erosion is of no importance i.e. The nature of major erosion, erosion, relief and topography depends on the
weathering.
(ii) What are the causes of mass movements which are real, rapid and perceptible? List it. OR What are the factors affecting mass movement?
ANS.
Mass Movement: The sliding of the upper unorganized layer of
the cover of the lithosphere and a large amount of rocky debris down the slope
due to gravity is called mass movement.
Factors
of activation of mass circulation:-
1.
The slope or intensity of the slope
2.
Excessive rainfall
3.
Lifting off of the load from the surface of the original shield
4.
Earthquake
5.
Vibration caused by explosions or machines.
6.
Indiscriminate destruction of natural vegetation or cutting of trees
7.
Large amount of water discharge from lakes, reservoirs and rivers.
(iii) What are the various dynamic and powerful exogenous
geomorphic factors and what are the main functions they perform?
ANS.
Various dynamic and powerful exogenous geomorphic factors include rivers,
glaciers, wind, sea waves and currents, etc. All these factors are called
'denudation factors'.
All
of them mainly perform the work of erosion, transport and deposition, from
which many types of topography are formed.
(iv) Is weathering a necessary requirement in soil formation?
ANS.
Soil formation begins with the weathering of the parent rocks. Weathering
breaks the rocks into small pieces, after which the erosive elements, such as
rivers, glaciers, rainwater, winds, etc. carry those particles with them and
deposit them at some other place. This is how soil is formed.
Que 3
Answer the following
questions in about 150 words :-
(i) “Our earth is a playground of two opposing classes of
geomorphic processes” Discuss.
ANS.
Earth's top surface 'crust' is dynamic. Exogenic forces acting on the surface,
such as river, glacier, rain water, etc., keep cutting and degrading rocks and
mountain areas by erosion, and by depositing that sediment at the following
places, they degrade. Or continue to grow.
Similarly,
endogenic forces create and destroy different types of topography in the form
of earthquakes and volcanoes and in the form of plate movements. Sometimes
these activities happen gradually, sometimes suddenly or suddenly.
It
is thus clear that "our Earth is a playground of two opposing classes of
geomorphic processes".
(ii) "Exogenous geomorphic processes derive their final
energy from the heat of the Sun." Explain.
ANS.
The external geomorphic actions on the surface are different in different
regions. This is due to the variation in the heat received from the Sun. In
different climatic regions and due to the difference in altitude, local
variation is found in the receipt of insolation, due to which there is
variation in wind velocity, amount of rainfall, glaciation, frost etc.
(iii) Are physical and chemical weathering processes independent
of each other? If not why? Explain for example.
ANS.
The physical and chemical weathering processes are not independent of each
other, but they depend on each other. Both processes work collectively.
Sometimes one verb is predominant and sometimes the other is predominant.
Fragmentation and decomposition occur in both processes. Water, pressure
and gas are helpful in both.
In
chemical weathering, the processes of solution or solution, carbonization,
hydration and oxidation etc. decompose the rocks, whereas in physical
weathering, weightlessness, temperature, frost etc. help in the breakdown of
rocks.
(iv) How do you differentiate between soil formation processes
and soil formation factors? What is the role of climate and biological
activities as two important factors in soil formation?
ANS. The processes of soil formation begin with the dissolution and decomposition of rocks by various factors of weathering. Various acts of weathering and denudation break the rocks and convert them into rock powder. Later on, the rotten part of the trees and plants and animals is found in them, this is called Hummus. In addition, there are countless bacteria and germs in the soil.
Parent material, climate, topography, time and organic matter such as vegetation and bacteria are helpful in the main factors of soil formation.
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Chapter – 6 भू - आकृतिक प्रक्रियाएँ (NCERT Solution - Hindi Medium)