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Landforms and Their Evolution, Class 11 Chapter 6 NCERT Exercise Solution (English Medium)

NCERT Exercise


Que 1 Select the correct answer from the four options given below :-


(i) In which of the following stage of landform development , downward erosion is dominated?

(a) Youth Stage 

(b) Early mature stage 

(c) Late mature stage 

(d) Old Stage


ANS. (a) Youth Stage


(ii) A deep valley characterized by steep step-like side slopes is known as

(a) U-Shaped valley 

(b) Blind valley 

(c) Gorge 

(d) Canyon


ANS. (d) Canyon


(iii) In which one of the following regions the chemical weathering process is more dominant than the mechanical weathering process?

(a) Humid Region 

(b) Arid Region 

(c) Limestone Region 

(d) Glacier region


ANS. (a) Humid Region


(iv) Which one of the following statements best defines the term ‘Lapies’?

(a) A small to medium sized shallow depression

(b) A landform whose opening is more or less circular at the top and funnel shaped towards bottom

(c) A landform formed due to dripping water from surface

(d) An Irregular surface with sharp pinnacles, grooves and ridges


ANS. (d) An Irregular surface with sharp pinnacles, grooves and ridges


(v) A Deep, long and wide trough or basin with very steep concave high walls at its head as well as in sides is known as:

(a) Cirque 

(b) Lateral Moraine 

(c) Glacial valley 

(d) Esker


ANS. (a) Cirque


Que 2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words: -


(i) What do incised meanders in rocks and meanders in plains of alluvium indicate?

ANS. Erosion in rocks and general erosion of alluvium in plains suggest that rivers flowing on steep slopes flow more like a serpent with more horizontal erosion. The origin of these wasps occurs in the early stages of river development.


(ii) Explain the evolution of valley sinks or uvalas.

ANS. The development of valley stomata or pubescence occurs when the gill stomata and doline join together by falling roofs of caverns or by ejection of materials. In this way long, narrow and wide trenches are formed. Which are called Valley Sinks or Uvalas.


(iii) Underground flow of water is more common than surface runoff in limestone areas. Why?

ANS. Limestone rocky regions have limestone or dolomite in which calcium carbonate predominates. There, surface and ground water form many landforms by chemical process - dissolution.


(iv) Glacial valleys show up many linear depositional forms. Give their locations and names.

ANS. In the glacial valley, many landforms are formed by the deposition of clay, which are called glaciers. Lateral glaciers are formed on the parallel sides of the glacier. The two lateral glaciations together form the medial glaciation. A sedimentary glacier is formed at the bottom of a glacier. In the last part of the glacier, the end glacier is found.


(v) How does wind perform its task in desert areas? Is it the only agent responsible for the erosional features in the deserts?

ANS. Wind acts as the most important erosive agent in the desert areas. Due to the lack of vegetation and rainfall, the sand particles are loose, which is easily carried by the fast moving wind. The landforms created by wind in desert areas are called 'Aeolian Topography'.

In the desert areas, sometimes heavy rainfall also occurs, due to which some landforms are also formed from the internal water flow. For example - playa (plain deposited by eroded water material between mountains in deserts).


Que 3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words: -


(i) Running water is by far the most dominating geomorphic agent in shaping the earth’s surface in humid as well as in arid climates. Explain.

ANS. In wet regions, where there is a lot of rainfall, runoff water is the most important geomorphic factor which is responsible for the degradation of the surface.


Flowing water has two elements: -

1. Flow spread in the form of a layer on the surface.

2. Linear flow that flows through valleys in the form of rivers and streams.


Most of the erosive landforms created by run-off waters are related to the aggressive youthfulness of rivers flowing along the slope.


Over a period of time, due to continuous erosion, the steep slopes are converted into slow slopes and consequently the velocity of the rivers decreases, due to which deposition starts. The steeper the slope of the flowing water, the greater the deposition.

In arid regions, however, wind is an important geomorphic factor. However, sometimes there is torrential rain in such dry areas, which causes rapid soil erosion in this vegetated region.


(ii) Limestone behaves differently in humid and arid climates. Why? What is the dominant and almost exclusive geomorphic process in limestone areas and what are its results?

ANS. Limestone behaves differently in humid and dry climates. In humid climate, surface water starts flowing horizontally and vertically through the joints and crevices of permeable limestone rocks. Form many types of landforms through dissolution and precipitation.

In arid regions, there is a lack of rainfall and there is a lack of water and water in large quantities does not enter the interior of the land. Therefore, in arid regions, ground water has no special significance.


(iii) How do glaciers accomplish the work of reducing high mountains into low hills and plains?

ANS. Snow moving slowly downwards in the form of ice flows or valleys in the form of a layer on the earth is called glacier.

Due to the force of gravity, the glaciers, moving downhill at a very slow speed, abrasive like sand and the edges and foothills of the rock formations are highly eroded by friction and the high mountain areas get crushed by the outwash plain.


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Landforms and Their Evolution (भू - आकृतियां तथा उनका विकास), Class 11 Chapter 6 NCERT Exercise Solution (Hindi Medium)


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Geomorphic Processes - NCERT Exercise Solution (English Medium)

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