Que. 51 What percentage of the area of India is plain?
43% (rich in agriculture and industries)
Que. 52 What percentage of the area of India is mountainous?
30% (source of perennial rivers and center of tourism)
Que. 53 What percentage of India's area is plateau?
27% (Immense reserves of minerals, forests and fossil fuels)
Que. 54 Why are Sukhomajri (Panchkula, Haryana) and Jhabua (MP) famous?
Reasons for improving the condition of the environment, Reasons for water management
Que. 55 What was the tree density in Sukhomajri (Panchkula, Haryana) in 1976?
13 trees per hectare
Que. 56 What was the tree density in Sukhomajri (Panchkula, Haryana) in 1992 due to public awareness?
1272 trees per hectare
Que. 57 What is the land use pattern in India?
The land use pattern in India is as follows:-
1) Forest area
2) Agricultural land
3) barren land
4) non agricultural land
5) Residential land
6) Industrial land
7) pasture land
8) Land of parks and groves
9) Land under transport modes
Que. 58 What is called FALLOW LAND?
Such land on which its fertile capacity has been weakened due to continuous cultivation. For the fulfillment of which it is left empty for the coming agricultural season or for a few years.
Que. 59 What is called the present PRESENT FALLOW LAND?
The fallow land on which agriculture was being done continuously, which has recently been left vacant, is called present fallow land.
Que. 60 What is called OLD FALLOW LAND?
OLD FALLOW LAND The fallow land that has been continuously cultivated, which has been left vacant for the past several years or several agricultural seasons, is OLD FALLOW LAND.
Que. 61 What is called the TOTAL AGRICULTURE LAND?
The land area on which agriculture is done at some time or the other in some agricultural season throughout the year is called Gross Agricultural Area or Total Agricultural Area.
Que. 62 What is the net or net sown area (PURE SHOWN AREA) called?
That part of the gross agricultural area, which is cultivated in a particular agricultural season (Kharif, Rabi and Zayed), is called net or net sown area (PURE SHOWN AREA).
Que. 63 What is the total area of India?
32.8 lakh square kilometer i.e. 32,87,263 square kilometer. m.
Que. 64 How much land area does India use in its total area?
93%
Que. 65 On what part of the total area of India is agriculture done?
54%
Que. 66 In Punjab-Haryana, agriculture is done on how much part?
80 %
Que. 67 In North-East India and Andaman-Nicobar, agriculture is done on how much part?
10 %
Que. 68 When did the National Forest Policy come into force?
in 1952
Que. 69 At least what percentage of India should have forests?
33%
Que. 70 What is the percentage of forest in India at present?
21%
Que. 71 In which province of India is terrace farming done?
Uttarakhand, H.P., Jammu and Kashmir etc.
Que. 72 In which province (Punjab/Uttarakhand) terrace farming is done?
Uttarakhand
Que. 73 What is called barren land?
This land includes mountainous rocks, dry and desert lands, which are unsuitable for agriculture.
Que. 74 What is the land involved in non-agricultural works?
It includes land under human settlements, roads, railway lines, industry etc.
Que. 75 What is called land degradation?
loss of production capacity of land or erosion of land
Que. 76 How much land is degraded in India at present?
130 million hectares, of which 56% is eroded by water
Que. 77 What are the causes of land degradation?
deforestation/deforestation,
extreme pastoralism,
mining
over-irrigation
excessive use of fertilizers
overuse of pesticides
heavy rain
soil erosion
Que. 78 In which area is mining the main reason for land degradation?
In Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, MP, Orissa, and Maharashtra etc.
Que. 79 In which area is pastoralism the main reason for land degradation?
In Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP and Maharashtra etc.
Que. 80 What is the main reason for land degradation in Punjab, Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh?
Excessive irrigation, water logging, fertilizers and pesticides etc.
Que. 81 What are the main measures to prevent land degradation?
forest planting,
pasture management,
Protector of trees, Mekhela (Shelter Belt),
control of pastoralism,
planting thorny bushes on sand dunes,
mining control,
Use of green and organic manures,
irrigation management,
water purification,
wasteland management
Que. 82 What is called soil ?
Soil or soil is the topmost unorganized layer of land/soil which provides nutrients for the growth of plants.
Que. 83 What are the factors affecting soil or soil formation?
surface / relief,
parent rock or bed rock,
climate,
vegetation,
organic matter,
time,
Temperature,
flowing water,
Wind,
glacier,
decomposition activities,
biological and chemical changes
Que. 84 What are the elements that determine the process of soil or soil formation?
soil color,
soil depth,
formation of rocks,
age of rocks,
chemical and physical properties of rocks
Que. 85 What are the basis of classification of soil ?
depending on the color,
Depending on the thickness of the particles,
on the basis of fertility
Que. 86 Classify soil or soil on the basis of colour.
brown soil (alluvial soil),
Black Soil (Ragged Soil),
red soil (laterite soil),
Yellow soil (desert or sandy soil)
Que. 87 The “Ped on the Meadow” program is a part of which scheme?
National Forest Policy (2016-17)
Que. 88 Classify soil on the basis of particles.
fine-grained soil (smooth/black soil),
medium-grained (alluvial / alluvial soils),
Coarse or coarse-grained soil (loamy soil)
Que. 89 Classify the soil on the basis of its fertility.
non-fertile soil (hill soil),
fertile soil (alluvial soil),
Highly fertile soil (latest alluvial or deltaic soil)
Que. 90 Give the characteristics of alluvial soils.
1) It is also called trembling soil.
2) It is formed by rivers.
3) On the basis of age it is called Bangar (Old Alluvial) and Khadar (New Alluvium).
4) Its color is brown.
5) It is fertile soil.
6) The particles are medium in size.
7) It is rich in potash, phosphorus and lime.
8) There are crops like sugarcane, wheat, rice, pulses.
9) It is found in the northern plains and coastal regions.
Que. 91 Describe the characteristics of black soil.
1) It is also called sandy soil.
2) It is formed by basalt lava.
3) It is sticky when wet and cracks when dry.
4) Its color is black.
5) It is fertile soil.
6) The particles in it are of fine size.
7) It contains potash, calcium carbonate, magnesium and lime, while it is deficient in phosphorus.
8) There are crops like cotton, sugarcane, wheat, etc.
9) It is found in the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat.
Que. 92 Describe the characteristics of red-yellow soil.
1) It is formed by hydration of fibrous igneous rocks.
2) Its color is red and yellow.
3) It is less fertile soil.
4) In this the particles are of coarse size.
5) It is ferrous metal while it lacks organic matter and nitrogen.
6) There are crops like coarse cereals like jowar, millet etc.
7) It is found in Orissa, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Nilgiri hills and Chota Nagpur plateau.
Que. 93 Describe the characteristics of laterite soil.
1) It is formed by leaching process in high temperature and heavy rainfall area.
2) Its color is red.
3) It is less fertile soil.
4) In this the particles are of coarse size.
5) It lacks organic matter and humus.
6) Contains cashew nuts.
7) It is found in Orissa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Assam.
8) The word laterite is derived from the Greek language letter (eight).
Que. 94 Describe the characteristics of desert or sandy soil.
1) It is formed in the region having dry climate.
2) Its color is yellow.
3) It is less fertile soil.
4) In this the particles are of coarse size.
5) It lacks organic matter and humus.
6) There are crops of jowar, bajra and groundnut.
7) It is found in Rajasthan and South Haryana.
Que. 95 Describe the characteristics of deltaic soils.
1) It is formed in the delta region by river deposition process.
2) Its color is brown.
3) It is very fertile soil.
4) In this the particles are of finer size.
5) It is rich in organic matter and humus.
6) It consists of Jute / JUTE crop.
7) It is found on the deltas, such as – in the Ganges Delta, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri river delta etc.
Que. 96 What is called soil erosion?
The shedding of the top layer of soil is called soil erosion.
What are the main factors of soil erosion?
flowing water,
strong wind,
glacier,
sea waves
Que. 97 What are the types of soil erosion?
2 (Sheet Erosion and Gully Erosion)
Que. 98 What is Gully erosion called?
When corrugated erosion of soil is done by running water (rain or river water).
Que. 99 What is called Sheet or layered erosion?
When water or strong wind blows away the top layer of soil with it in arid and semi-arid areas.
Que. 100 Give reasons for soil erosion.
deforestation,
excessive pastoralism,
mining,
unscientific farming,
flowing water,
heavy rain
Que. 101 Mention the measures to prevent soil erosion.
stop deforestation,
plantation,
control of pastoralism,
Nature balance should be taken care of while mining,
scientific farming,
adopting crop rotation or crop rotation,
dam building,
ramming,
tree guards,
STRIP FARMING,
Build a terraced farm on the mountains.
Que. 102 What is called BAD LAND or RAVINE LAND?
Flowing water thorns the soil to form deep ducts or channels. Such land remains uncultivable, which is called BAD LAND.
Such land in Chambal basin is called RAVINE LAND. This area is famous in India by the name of Chambal ravine.
Que. 103 How did technology and economic development lead to greater use of resources?
1) Technology made it possible to map and estimate the dense area
2) In fact technology and economic development are intertwined
3) Technology and economic development (money) made it easier to buy and make equipment
4) As the economic level rises, so does the technology
Que. 104 What is called a SOIL PROFILE?
The vertical (top to bottom) layers of the soil are called soil profiles.
Que. 105 What are natural wealth in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals?
Resources
Que. 106 Who is called Cho?
In Hoshiarpur district of Punjab, river alluvial deposits are called 'Cho' in small plains between rivers.
Que. 107 Which is the soil with high moisture retention capacity?
black soil
Que. 108 What is the planting of trees on a large scale for the prevention of soil erosion called?
afforestation
Que. 109 Which is the most leached soil in the monsoon climate?
laterite soil
Que. 110 The Great Plains of India are made up of which soil?
from alluvial soil
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