Exercises
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
(a) Farming
(b) Trading
(c) Weaving
(d) Hunting
Answer - (b) Trading
Answer - (b) Trading
Note -
Option (B) is correct because trading is a tertiary activity. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange. Without trading nothing will be transported from one place to another. Trading is buying and selling of products.Option (A) is not correct because farming is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables and flowers.
Option (C) is not correct because weaving is a secondary activity. It involves the processing of raw material.
Option (D) is not correct because hunting is a primary activity. It is the practice of killing or trapping animals.
(ii) Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?
(a) Iron Smelting
(b) Catching fish
(c) Making garments
(d) Basket Weaving
Option (A) is not correct because iron smelting is secondary sector activity. Smelting of iron is a process of applying heat to ore for extracting a metal base.
Option (C) is not correct because making garment is secondary sector activity. Making garment comes under textile industry and it involves processing of raw material.
Option (D) is not correct because basket weaving is a secondary sector activity. It is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into two or three-dimensional shapes.
Answer - (b) Catching fish
Note -
Option (B) is correct because catching fish is not a secondary sector activity. Catching fish is a primary activity. Fish is a raw material, and we know primary sector includes the production of raw material.Option (A) is not correct because iron smelting is secondary sector activity. Smelting of iron is a process of applying heat to ore for extracting a metal base.
Option (C) is not correct because making garment is secondary sector activity. Making garment comes under textile industry and it involves processing of raw material.
Option (D) is not correct because basket weaving is a secondary sector activity. It is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into two or three-dimensional shapes.
(iii) Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
(a) Primary
(b) Quaternary
(c) Secondary
(d) Service
Option (A) is not correct because primary sector include mining, farming, fishing and forestry and it provides employment in Haryana, Punjab and Bihar.
Option (B) is not correct because quaternary job involves research and development. It provides employment in Rajasthan, Delhi etc.
Option (C) is not correct because secondary jobs involve making things from raw material. It provides employment in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
Answer - (d) Service
Note -
Option (D) is correct because service provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. These are the metropolitan cities and consist of multiplexes, restaurants and big hospitals.Option (A) is not correct because primary sector include mining, farming, fishing and forestry and it provides employment in Haryana, Punjab and Bihar.
Option (B) is not correct because quaternary job involves research and development. It provides employment in Rajasthan, Delhi etc.
Option (C) is not correct because secondary jobs involve making things from raw material. It provides employment in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
(iv) Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:
(a) Secondary activities
(b) Quaternary activities
(c) Quinary activities
(d) Primary activities
Option (A) is not correct because secondary activities transform raw materials into products or goods. It does not require high degrees of knowledge.
Option (B) is not correct because quaternary activities are used to describe knowledge-based part of the economy such as media, research and development.
Option (D) is not correct because primary activities include the production of raw material and basic foods. It does not require high degrees and level of innovation.
Answer - (c) Quinary activities
Note -
Option (C) is correct because jobs which involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as Quinary activities. This sector focuses on interpretation of existing of new idea, evaluation of new technologies. People who are working in this sector are called gold collar.Option (A) is not correct because secondary activities transform raw materials into products or goods. It does not require high degrees of knowledge.
Option (B) is not correct because quaternary activities are used to describe knowledge-based part of the economy such as media, research and development.
Option (D) is not correct because primary activities include the production of raw material and basic foods. It does not require high degrees and level of innovation.
(v) Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?
(a) Manufacturing computers
(b) Paper and Raw pulp production
(c) University teaching
(d) Printing books
Option (A) is not correct because manufacturing computers is an example of secondary sector. Secondary activities include manufacturing of various products.
Option (B) is not correct because paper and raw pulp production is secondary activity. Paper and pulp are made from raw material wood.
Option (D) is not correct because printing books is secondary activity. Printing book involves the assembling and securing written page within a cover.
(vi) Which one out of the following statements is not true?
(a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
(b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
(c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
(d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.
Option (A) is not correct because outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency. It mainly comes to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available. It leads to opening up of a large number of call centres.
Option (B) is not correct because at times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced. The reason behind this is improved quality of work can be achieved with more expertise and more specialised processes.
Option (D) is not correct because there may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job. This creates standard of living poor and work conditions worse.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Explain retail trading service.
Answer - Retail trading service is business activity. It is the link between wholesalers and customers of the product. It is the final step of the distribution channel. It is related with the sale of goods directly to the consumers. It allows the consumers to buy all their products from the local market near their house. The service is according to consumers.
Answer - (c) University teaching
Note -
Option (C) is correct because university teaching is related to quaternary sector. Quaternary sector is knowledge oriented economic sectors. It is based on pure knowledge and skill of a person.Option (A) is not correct because manufacturing computers is an example of secondary sector. Secondary activities include manufacturing of various products.
Option (B) is not correct because paper and raw pulp production is secondary activity. Paper and pulp are made from raw material wood.
Option (D) is not correct because printing books is secondary activity. Printing book involves the assembling and securing written page within a cover.
(a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
(b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
(c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
(d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.
Answer - (c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
Note -
Option (C) is correct because BPOs have not better business opportunities as compared to KPOs. KPOs involve highly skilled workers. Activities like research and development (R and D) e learning is performed under KPOs which leads to better business opportunities.Option (A) is not correct because outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency. It mainly comes to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available. It leads to opening up of a large number of call centres.
Option (B) is not correct because at times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced. The reason behind this is improved quality of work can be achieved with more expertise and more specialised processes.
Option (D) is not correct because there may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job. This creates standard of living poor and work conditions worse.
(i) Explain retail trading service.
Answer - Retail trading service is business activity. It is the link between wholesalers and customers of the product. It is the final step of the distribution channel. It is related with the sale of goods directly to the consumers. It allows the consumers to buy all their products from the local market near their house. The service is according to consumers.
(ii) Describe quaternary services.
Answer - Quaternary services are based on pure knowledge and skill of a person. It helps people get into more advanced jobs than any normal jobs. It involves the collection, production and dissemination of information. It consists of intellectual industries providing information services such as computing and information and communication technologies.
(iii) Name the fast-emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.
Answer - Medical tourism refers to people travelling from one country to another country to obtain medical, dental and surgical treatment. The fast-emerging countries of medical tourism in the world are India, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world. It is due to combination of advanced facilities, skilled doctors and low cost of treatment.
(iv) What is digital divide?
Answer - The uneven distribution of information and communication technology across the globe is known as digital divide. This technology includes telephone, television, computers and internet. Digital divide exists between rural and urban areas, between educated and uneducated people. It also exists within countries. Developed countries provide quick ICT access and benefits to its citizens while developing countries have lagged behind.
3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
(i) Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
Answer - Service sector is also known as tertiary sector. This sector provides services rather than producing material commodities. This sector is not directly involved in the processing of physical materials. Services are an important part of modern economic development which includes health, education, law, governance and recreation etc.
👉Service sector holds the highest share in the country’s Net National Product.
👉Service enhances network facilities.
👉Services are provided to consumers who can afford to pay for them.
👉Services like making and maintaining highways and bridges, maintaining firefighting departments and customer care are supervised or performed by governments.
👉Service sector promotes industrialization.
👉Service sector provides technical education and enhances the quality of service.
👉Services are provided in all societies. Most of the people are service workers. Developed countries have higher percentage of worker employed in service sector compared to less developed countries.
👉Service sector provide employment to people. Trend in employment in this sector has been increased.
(ii) Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
Answer - Transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another.
The significance of transport and communication services:
👉Transport and communication services play an important role for integrated economic development. Both are called lifeline of an economy.
👉Transportation and communication are means or processes of overcoming distance.
👉Transportation and communication systems help to promote the use of natural resources, mobility of skilled labour force, and increase in agricultural and industrial production.
👉Transportation and communication services help to create job opportunities for people especially living in rural areas.
👉Transportation and communication services help to establish relationship among people in different parts of the world.
👉Transportation and communication service help to increase the size of the market of our products.
👉Transportation and communication service helps in growth and development of country.
👉Transport and communication service are regarded as strong pillar to protect the people from difficulties of war, natural calamities and other problem.
Project/Activity
(i) Find out the activities of BPO.
(ii) Find out from a travel agent the documents you need to travel abroad.