1)
नीरा (NIRA)
का पूरा नाम क्या है ?
Ans.
नेशनल इंटरलिंकिंग ऑफ़ रिवर्स अथॉरिटी (राष्ट्रीय
नदी जोड़ो परियोजना) ।
2)
नीरा (NIRA)
का उद्देश्य क्या है ?
Ans.
राष्ट्रीय नदी जोड़ो परियोजना का उद्देश्य पानी को इसकी अधिकता वाले
क्षेत्रों से कमी वाले क्षेत्रों की ओर स्थानांतरित करना है।
3)
नीरा (NIRA)
परियोजना के अंतर्गत कितनी नदियों को जोड़ने की परियोजनाएं परीक्षण
के दौर में हैं ?
Ans.
छह परियोजनाएं (गोदावरी -कावेरी, महानदी
-गोदावरी -केन -बेतवा, मानस -संकोश -तीस्ता -गंगा -दमनगंगा
-पिंजाल और पर-तापी -नर्मदा)
4)
नीरा (NIRA)
परियोजना के अंतर्गत नदियों को आपस में जोड़ने से किन समस्याओं का
समाधान हो सकेगा ?
Ans.
इससे पेयजल संकट, सूखा, बाढ़
जैसी समस्याओं का समाधान हो सकेगा। इसके अलावा कृषि सिंचाई, जलविद्युत,
और वनीकरण की स्थित बेहतर होगी।
5)
क्या नीरा (NIRA)
परियोजना के अंतर्गत नदियों के जोड़े जाने से कुछ समस्याएं भी
उत्पन्न हो सकती हैं ?
Ans. हाँ, विभिन्न नदियों को जोड़ने से उनकी पारिस्थितिकी
बदल सकती है, जिससे जलीय जीवों पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ेगा।
परियोजना के तहत बांध बनाए जाने से आबादी का विस्थापन भी हो सकता है।National Interlinking of Rivers Authority
Recently, the Central Government has decided to constitute the National Interlinking of Rivers Authority (NIRA) to implement projects for linking rivers.
About National Interlinking of Rivers Authority (NIRA):
- The proposed body is expected to take up both inter-State and intra-state projects.
- It will make the arrangements for generating up funds, internally and externally.
- The body is headed by Union Minister of Jal Shakti, the panel includes Irrigation or Water Resources Ministers and Secretaries of States.
- It is being assisted by a Task Force for Inter-Linking of Rivers (ILR), which is a committee of experts essentially drawn from the Jal Shakti Ministry, Central Water Commission and the NWDA.
What is National River Linking Project?
- The ILR Programme seeks to transfer water from surplus areas to deficit areas in the country.
- Its vision is to ensure greater equity in the distribution of water by enhancing the availability of water in drought-prone and rainfed areas.
- The programme is divided into two components – HRC and PRC. The National Perspective Plan (NPP) prepared by the Ministry of Water Resources identified 14 links under Himalayan Rivers Component (HRC) and 16 links under Peninsular Rivers Component (PRC) for inter-basin transfer of water.
- In 2005, the National Water Development Agency (NWDA) has included the intra-state rivers linking as the third component in the NPP.
Prospects of Interlinking:
- The interlinking of rivers will provide drinking water to large areas in the country suffering from drought conditions every year. They will add to the domestic water supplies, including sanitation, which should be the topmost priority.
- It would increase irrigation by 25m ha through surface irrigation and 10m ha through groundwater irrigation, in regions where water is scarce.
- The water crisis situation persisting in the country could be mitigated if the ILR project is executed. The utilization of water surface resources would increase by 25 per cent.
- With the execution of this project, electricity problems can be reduced as hydro-electric power plants can be started, thus, strengthening the national grid.
- It will integrate the nation as one and would add waterline defence to the nation, through inland navigation thereby, enhancing security.
Majors disadvantages of ILR:
- Inter-linking river project has many challenges related to economic, political, ecological and social costs and is also time-consuming.
- Environmental costs (deforestation, soil- erosion, etc.)
- Rehabilitation-not an easy task
- Social unrest/Psychological damage due to forced resettlement of local people (for example, Sardar Sarovar Project).
- Political effects: strained relationship with neighbours (Pakistan, Bangladesh)
ILR Projects in India:
- As of now, six ILR projects — the Ken-Betwa, Damanganga- Pinjal, Par-Tapi-Narmada, Manas-Sankosh-Teesta-Ganga, Mahanadi-Godavari and Godavari-Cauvery (Grand Anicut) — have been under examination of the authorities. With regard to the peninsular rivers, the Centre has chosen to focus on the Godavari-Cauvery link than the earlier proposal to link the Mahanadi-Godavari-Krishna-Pennar-Cauvery rivers.
- The Ken- Betwa is India’s first such ILR project.