Class 12 Chapter 02 World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth Exercise Solution (English Medium)

Chapter 2

World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth

Que 1 Choose the correct answer from the four options given below:-

(i) Which of the following continent has the highest population growth?

(a) Africa (b) Asia (c) South America (d) North America

ANS. (a) Africa

(ii) Which one of the following is not a sparsely populated area?

(a) Atacama (b) Equatorial region (c) South-East Asia (d) Polar region

ANS. (c) South-East Asia

(iii) Which of the following is not a Push factor?

(a) Water scarcity

(b) Unemployment

(c) Medical/educational facilities

(d) Epidemics

ANS. (c) Medical/educational facilities    

 (iv) Which one of the following facts is not correct?

(a) Human population has increased more than 10 times in the last 500 years.

(b) It took 100 years for the population to increase from 5 billion to 6 billion.

(c) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition.

ANS. (b) It took 100 years for the population to increase from 5 billion to 6 billion. (Because it took only 12 years for the population to grow by 5 to 6 billion, not 100 years)

Que 2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words:-

(I)        Mention three geographical factors affecting the distribution of population.

ANS. Following are the major geographical factors affecting the distribution of population:-

1. Water Availability

2. River valleys

3. Flat terrain

4. Climate

5. Fertile Soil

(II)       There are many regions in the world with high population density. Why does this happen?

ANS. In the world, the flat plains and monsoon regions of South-East Asia, the industrial and urban regions of Western Europe, the eastern coastal regions of the USA and Canada, and the plains of river valleys are the regions of high population. Due to the plains in these areas, agriculture, industries and cities have developed more, hence high population density is found in these regions.

(III)      What are the three components of population change?

ANS. Birth, Death and Migration

Que 3 Explain the difference:

(I)       Birth rate and Death rate

 ANS.

Birth Rate – This is the simplest and most commonly used method of measuring fertility. The birth rate is expressed in terms of live births per thousand women. As -

Birth rate = Number of living children born in a given area in a particular year / Total population of that particular area in the middle of that particular year X 1000

 

Death Rate – This is the simplest way to measure the mortality rate of an area. The death rate is expressed by the number of dead per thousand population. As -

Mortality rate = Number of dead in a given area in a particular year / Estimated population of that particular area in the middle of that particular year X 1000

(II)      Push factors and pull factors of migration

ANS.  People migrate for better economic and social life. The factors affecting migration can be divided into two groups:-

PUSH FACTORS

(The factors that compel the abandonment of a place.)

1. Unemployment

2. Low living conditions

3. Political turmoil

4. Unfavorable Climate

5. Natural Calamities

6. Epidemic

7. Socio-economic backwardness

                    PULL FACTORS

                   (Factors that attract people to visit a place.)

   

1. Work or Employment Opportunities

2. Fair or good conditions of living

3. Peaceful environment and stability

4. Protection of life and property

5. Naturally favorable region or favorable climate

6. Epidemic free zone

7. Plenty of Economic Opportunities

 

Que 3 Answer the following questions in about 150 words:-

(I) Discuss the factors affecting the distribution and density of population in the world.

ANS. Population distribution means how people (population) are distributed on the surface, that is, how they live.

Following are the factors affecting the distribution of population:-

Physical Factors

1. Water Availability

2. River valleys

3. flat terrain

4. Climate

5. Fertile Soil

Economic Factors

1. Availability of Minerals

2. Urbanization

3. Industrial Development

4. Mode of Transport

5. Employment Opportunities

Social Cultural Factors

1. Displacement

2. Peaceful Environment

3. Security

4. Terrorism

Political Factors   

1. Government Policies

2. Permanent Government

3. Political Incentives

(II) Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.

ANS. The population of a region, from high births and high deaths, changes into low births and low deaths. These changes are collectively called the demographic cycle.

These changes take place in states, with three clearly declared states emerging.

There are many models of demographic transition, but the following four stages are generally accepted:

1. In the first stage, both the birth rate and the death rate are high. Population growth is gradual in this stage. This can be called the unstable phase of population growth. Most of the people in this do agricultural work. These societies have low productivity, low age expectancy, large household size, underdeveloped agriculture as the main economic activity, low level of literacy and technological development, and low urbanization.

At one time (200 years ago) almost all the countries of the world were in this situation, but now it seems inconsistent to find any country in this state of demographic transition. For example, the tribals of Bangladesh rain forests.

2. In the second stage, there is a high birth rate and a low death rate. It is also called population explosion or transition phase. Increased health services and food security reduce mortality. But because of not receiving insufficient level of education, the birth rate is extremely high. Eg - India, Piru, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Egypt etc.

3. In the third stage, the fertility rate starts decreasing gradually and the death rate starts falling rapidly. However, the population grows at a slow rate. It is a state of declining trend in population growth. Most of the less developed countries of the world are passing through this explosive phase of demographic transition.

4. In the final stage, both the death rate and the birth rate decrease enthusiastically. In this the population either becomes stable or grows at a slow rate. This is the steady state of population growth.

In this stage the population becomes highly industrialized and urbanized. Technological development is satisfactory and efforts are made to control the size of the family. Has a high literacy level. This stage is in Anglo-America (USA, Canada), Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan etc.

5. In the fifth stage, the birth rate is lower than the death rate, due to which the population starts decreasing. This stage is called the stage of negative growth by Colin Clark. Some countries of Western Europe seem to be standing at the cusp of this stage.

Map Skill

Show and name the following on the outline map of the world:

(I) Countries with negative population growth rates in Europe and Asia.

(II) African countries with a population growth rate of more than three percent.

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