Chapter 3
Population Composition
Que. 1 Choose the correct answer from the four options given below:-
(i)
Who among the following has lowered the sex ratio of United Arab Emirates (UAE)?
(a)
Selected migration of male working population
(b)
High birth rate of males
(c)
low birth rate among women
(d)
High emigration of women
ANS. (a) Selected
migration of male working population
(ii) Which of the following numbers represents the working age
group of the population?
(a) 15 to 65 years
(b) 15 to 66 years
(c) 15 to 64 years
(d) 15 to 59 years
ANS. (d) 15 to 59
years
(iii) Which of the following countries has the highest sex ratio in
the world?
(a) Latvia (b) Japan (d) United Arab Emirates (d) France
ANS. (a) Latvia
Que. 2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words:-
(i) What
do you understand by population composition?
ANS.
To
classify and study population on the basis of demographic characteristics such
as age, sex, housing unit, labor force, workability, literacy, occupational
structure, is called population composition.
(ii) What
is the importance of age structure?
ANS.
Age
Structure – Classification of population on the basis of
age and classification of women and men according to age groups is called age
structure.
Significance of Age Structure:-
1.
The age structure represents the
population of different age groups.
2.
From the analysis of age
structure, labor force, voter population, school population etc. can be
evaluated.
3.
Its study reveals the productive
and dependent population.
4.
Age structure can also help in
making future plans.
ANS.
The
ratio between males and females in the population is called sex ratio. In India
it is expressed (measured) in the ratio (number) of females per 1000
males. Eg – According to Census 2011 in India, the sex
ratio is 940 F / 1000 M.
NOTE
:-
In some countries it is also expressed as the number of males per thousand
females i.e. male population / female population x 1000
Que. 3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:-
(i) Describe
the rural-urban composition of population.
ANS.
On
the basis of the place of residence, the population is divided into two
categories:-
1. Rural
Population
2. Urban
Population
Rural Population
1. The population living in villages is called rural population.
2. The main means of livelihood in rural areas are primary occupations such as – agriculture, animal husbandry, mining, fisheries, collection and cottage industries etc.
3. The people of the villages are simple, pious and have community spirit.
4. The system of joint families is found in the villages.
5. Mutual participation is more in villages.
6. Lack of modern amenities in villages.
7. Population is less in villages.
8. The population density is low in villages.
Urban Population
1. The population living in cities is called urban population.
2. The main means of livelihood in urban areas are secondary, tertiary, quartile occupations, such as manufacturing industry, transport, trade, communication, higher intellectual consulting, management etc.
3. Relationships are formal in urban life.
4. Most nuclear families are found in cities.
5. Individual lifestyle is found in cities.
6. Modern amenities are more available in cities.
7. Cities have more population.
8. Population density is more in cities.
ANS.
The
ratio between males and females in the population is called sex ratio. In India
it is expressed (measured) in the ratio (number) of females per 1000
males. Eg – According to Census 2011 in India, the
sex ratio is 940 F / 1000 M. The sex
ratio is unfavorable for women in 72 countries of the
world, while the sex ratio is favorable for women in 139 countries.
Factors responsible for imbalance in age-sex (sex ratio) :-
1.
Difference
in birth rate of male and female.
2.
Difference
in death rate of men and women.
3.
Sex
selective migration (eg men migrate more for employment).
4.
Being
a male dominated society.
5.
Lack
of female education.
6.
Fetal
killing.
7.
Misuse
of technology.
8.
Misuse
like dowry.
Occupational structure:- Classification of population on
the basis of occupations is called occupational structure. That is, what
proportion of the population is engaged in the specific economic activities of
an area, it is called business structure.
The
population engaged in business activities is called economically active
population. It covers the population in the age group of 15 to
59. The part of the population that does not participate
in economically beneficial activities is called economically inactive
population.
On
the basis of business structure, businesses are divided into the following
parts:-
1. Primary occupation or activities, such as – agriculture, hunting (hunting), fisheries,
gathering, forestry etc.
2. Secondary occupations or activities, such as – manufacturing industry, power generation
etc.
3. Tertiary business or activities, such as – transport, communication, trade and services etc.
4. Quaternary business or activities, such as thinking, research, making plans etc. tasks of intellectual level.