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Class 12 Chapter 03 Population Composition Exercise Solution (English Medium)

Chapter 3

Population Composition

Que. 1 Choose the correct answer from the four options given below:-

(i) Who among the following has lowered the sex ratio of United Arab Emirates (UAE)?

(a) Selected migration of male working population

(b) High birth rate of males

(c) low birth rate among women

(d) High emigration of women  

ANS. (a) Selected migration of male working population

(ii) Which of the following numbers represents the working age group of the population?

(a) 15 to 65 years

(b) 15 to 66 years

(c) 15 to 64 years

(d) 15 to 59 years

ANS. (d) 15 to 59 years

(iii) Which of the following countries has the highest sex ratio in the world?

(a) Latvia (b) Japan (d) United Arab Emirates (d) France

ANS. (a) Latvia

Que. 2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words:-

(i) What do you understand by population composition?

ANS. To classify and study population on the basis of demographic characteristics such as age, sex, housing unit, labor force, workability, literacy, occupational structure, is called population composition.

(ii)  What is the importance of age structure?

ANS. Age Structure – Classification of population on the basis of age and classification of women and men according to age groups is called age structure.

Significance of Age Structure:-

1.    The age structure represents the population of different age groups.

2.    From the analysis of age structure, labor force, voter population, school population etc. can be evaluated.

3.    Its study reveals the productive and dependent population.

4.    Age structure can also help in making future plans.


        (iii) How is sex ratio measured?

ANS. The ratio between males and females in the population is called sex ratio. In India it is expressed (measured) in the ratio (number) of females per 1000 males. Eg – According to Census 2011 in India, the sex ratio is 940 F / 1000 M.

NOTE :- In some countries it is also expressed as the number of males per thousand females i.e. male population / female population x 1000

Que. 3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:-

(i) Describe the rural-urban composition of population.

ANS. On the basis of the place of residence, the population is divided into two categories:-

1. Rural Population

2. Urban Population

Rural Population

1. The population living in villages is called rural population.

2. The main means of livelihood in rural areas are primary occupations such as – agriculture, animal husbandry, mining, fisheries, collection and cottage industries etc.

3. The people of the villages are simple, pious and have community spirit.

4. The system of joint families is found in the villages.

5. Mutual participation is more in villages.

6. Lack of modern amenities in villages.

7. Population is less in villages.

8. The population density is low in villages.

Urban Population


1. The population living in cities is called urban population.

2. The main means of livelihood in urban areas are secondary, tertiary, quartile occupations, such as manufacturing industry, transport, trade, communication, higher intellectual consulting, management etc.

3. Relationships are formal in urban life.

4. Most nuclear families are found in cities.

5. Individual lifestyle is found in cities.

6. Modern amenities are more available in cities.

7. Cities have more population.

8. Population density is more in cities.


(ii) Discuss the factors responsible for age-sex imbalance and occupational structure in different parts of the world.

ANS. The ratio between males and females in the population is called sex ratio. In India it is expressed (measured) in the ratio (number) of females per 1000 males. Eg – According to Census 2011 in India, the sex ratio is 940 F / 1000 M. The sex ratio is unfavorable for women in 72 countries of the world, while the sex ratio is favorable for women in 139 countries.

Factors responsible for imbalance in age-sex (sex ratio) :-

1. Difference in birth rate of male and female.

2. Difference in death rate of men and women.

3. Sex selective migration (eg men migrate more for employment).

4. Being a male dominated society.

5. Lack of female education.

6. Fetal killing.

7. Misuse of technology.

8. Misuse like dowry.

Occupational structure:- Classification of population on the basis of occupations is called occupational structure. That is, what proportion of the population is engaged in the specific economic activities of an area, it is called business structure.

The population engaged in business activities is called economically active population. It covers the population in the age group of 15 to 59. The part of the population that does not participate in economically beneficial activities is called economically inactive population.

On the basis of business structure, businesses are divided into the following parts:-

1.    Primary occupation or activities, such as – agriculture, hunting (hunting), fisheries, gathering, forestry etc.

2.    Secondary occupations or activities, such as – manufacturing industry, power generation etc.

3.    Tertiary business or activities, such as – transport, communication, trade and services etc.

4.  Quaternary business or activities, such as thinking, research, making plans etc. tasks of intellectual level.


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