Tropical Cyclone Naming
The common rule is that the name list is proposed by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of WMO Members of a specific region, and approved by the respective tropical cyclone regional bodies at their annual/biennual sessions.
Experience shows that the use of short, distinctive given names in written as well as spoken communications is quicker and less subject to error than the older more cumbersome latitude-longitude identification methods. These advantages are especially important in exchanging detailed storm information between hundreds of widely scattered stations, coastal bases, and ships at sea.
In the beginning, storms were named arbitrarily. An Atlantic storm that ripped off the mast of a boat named Antje became known as Antje's hurricane. Then the mid-1900's saw the start of the practice of using feminine names for storms.
In the pursuit of a more organized and efficient naming system, meteorologists later decided to identify storms using names from a list arranged alphabetically. Thus, a storm with a name which begins with A, like Anne, would be the first storm to occur in the year. Before the end of the 1900's, forecasters started using male names for those forming in the Southern Hemisphere.
Since 1953, Atlantic tropical storms have been named from lists originated by the National Hurricane Center. They are now maintained and updated by an international committee of the World Meteorological Organization. The original name lists featured only women's names. In 1979, men's names were introduced and they alternate with the women's names. Six lists are used in rotation. Thus, the 2019 list will be used again in 2025.
The only time that there is a change in the list is if a storm is so deadly or costly that the future use of its name on a different storm would be inappropriate for reasons of sensitivity. If that occurs, then at an annual meeting by the WMO Tropical Cyclone Committees (called primarily to discuss many other issues) the offending name is stricken from the list and another name is selected to replace it. Infamous storm names such as Mangkhut (Philippines, 2018), Irma and Maria (Caribbean, 2017), Haiyan (Philippines, 2013), Sandy (USA, 2012), Katrina (USA, 2005), Mitch (Honduras, 1998) and Tracy (Darwin, 1974) are examples for this.
उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात नामकरण
WMO नामों की घूर्णन सूची रखता है जो प्रत्येक उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात बेसिन के लिए उपयुक्त हैं। यदि कोई चक्रवात विशेष रूप से घातक या महंगा होता है, तो उसका नाम हटा दिया जाता है और उसके स्थान पर दूसरा नाम रख दिया जाता है।
उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात एक सप्ताह या उससे अधिक समय तक रह सकते हैं; इसलिए एक समय में एक से अधिक चक्रवात हो सकते हैं। मौसम के पूर्वानुमानकर्ता भ्रम से बचने के लिए प्रत्येक उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात को एक नाम देते हैं। सामान्य तौर पर, उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों का नामकरण क्षेत्रीय स्तर पर नियमों के अनुसार किया जाता है। अटलांटिक और दक्षिणी गोलार्ध (हिंद महासागर और दक्षिण प्रशांत) में, उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों को वर्णानुक्रम में नाम मिलते हैं, और महिलाओं और पुरुषों के नाम वैकल्पिक होते हैं। उत्तरी हिंद महासागर के राष्ट्रों ने 2000 में उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों के नामकरण के लिए एक नई प्रणाली का उपयोग करना शुरू किया; नाम वर्णानुक्रम में देशवार सूचीबद्ध हैं, और तटस्थ लिंग वार हैं।
सामान्य नियम यह है कि नाम सूची एक विशिष्ट क्षेत्र के WMO सदस्यों के राष्ट्रीय मौसम विज्ञान और जल विज्ञान सेवा (NMHS) द्वारा प्रस्तावित की जाती है, और संबंधित उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात क्षेत्रीय निकायों द्वारा उनके वार्षिक / द्विवार्षिक सत्रों में अनुमोदित की जाती है।
चेतावनी संदेशों में तूफानों की त्वरित पहचान में मदद करने के लिए तूफानों (उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों) के नामकरण की प्रथा वर्षों पहले शुरू हुई थी क्योंकि संख्याओं और तकनीकी शब्दों की तुलना में नामों को याद रखना कहीं अधिक आसान माना जाता है। कई लोग सहमत हैं कि तूफानों के नाम जोड़ने से मीडिया के लिए उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों पर रिपोर्ट करना आसान हो जाता है, चेतावनियों में रुचि बढ़ती है और समुदाय की तैयारी बढ़ जाती है।
अनुभव से पता चलता है कि लिखित और साथ ही मौखिक संचार में छोटे, विशिष्ट दिए गए नामों का उपयोग पुराने अधिक बोझिल अक्षांश-देशांतर पहचान विधियों की तुलना में तेज़ और कम त्रुटि के अधीन है। व्यापक रूप से फैले सैकड़ों स्टेशनों, तटीय ठिकानों और समुद्र में जहाजों के बीच विस्तृत तूफान की जानकारी का आदान-प्रदान करने में ये फायदे विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
शुरुआत में तूफानों को मनमाने ढंग से नाम दिया जाने लगा। एंटजे नाम की एक नाव के मस्तूल को चीर देने वाला एक अटलांटिक तूफान एंटजे के तूफान के रूप में जाना जाने लगा। फिर 1900 के दशक के मध्य में तूफानों के लिए स्त्री नामों का उपयोग करने की प्रथा शुरू हुई।
अधिक संगठित और कुशल नामकरण प्रणाली की खोज में, मौसम विज्ञानियों ने बाद में वर्णानुक्रम में व्यवस्थित सूची से नामों का उपयोग करके तूफानों की पहचान करने का निर्णय लिया। इस प्रकार, ऐन की तरह A से शुरू होने वाले नाम का तूफान साल में आने वाला पहला तूफान होगा। 1900 के अंत से पहले, पूर्वानुमानकर्ताओं ने दक्षिणी गोलार्ध में बनने वालों के लिए पुरुष नामों का उपयोग करना शुरू कर दिया था।
1953 से, अटलांटिक उष्णकटिबंधीय तूफानों को राष्ट्रीय तूफान केंद्र द्वारा उत्पन्न सूचियों से नामित किया गया है। वे अब विश्व मौसम विज्ञान संगठन की एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय समिति द्वारा बनाए और अद्यतन किए जाते हैं। मूल नाम सूची में केवल महिलाओं के नाम शामिल हैं। 1979 में, पुरुषों के नाम पेश किए गए और वे महिलाओं के नामों के साथ वैकल्पिक हो गए। रोटेशन में छह सूचियों का उपयोग किया जाता है। इस प्रकार, 2019 की सूची का 2025 में फिर से उपयोग किया जाएगा।
केवल एक बार सूची में बदलाव होता है यदि कोई तूफान इतना घातक या महंगा है कि संवेदनशीलता के कारणों के लिए एक अलग तूफान पर उसके नाम का भविष्य का उपयोग अनुचित होगा। यदि ऐसा होता है, तो WMO उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात समितियों (मुख्य रूप से कई अन्य मुद्दों पर चर्चा करने के लिए कहा जाता है) द्वारा एक वार्षिक बैठक में आपत्तिजनक नाम को सूची से हटा दिया जाता है और इसे बदलने के लिए दूसरे नाम का चयन किया जाता है। कुख्यात तूफान के नाम जैसे मैंगखुट (फिलीपींस, 2018), इरमा और मारिया (कैरिबियन, 2017), हैयान (फिलीपींस, 2013), सैंडी (यूएसए, 2012), कैटरीना (यूएसए, 2005), मिच (होंडुरास, 1998) और ट्रेसी (डार्विन, 1974) इसके उदाहरण हैं।
There is a strict procedure to determine a list of tropical cyclone names in an ocean basin by the Tropical Cyclone Regional Body responsible for that basin at its annual/biennial meeting. There are five tropical cyclone regional bodies, i.e. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee, RA IV Hurricane Committee, and RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee. For instance, Hurricane Committee determines a pre-designated list of hurricane names for six years separately at its annual session. The pre-designated list of hurricane names are proposed by its Members that include National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the North/Central America and the Caribbean. Naming procedures in other regions are almost the same as in the Caribbean. In some of the regions, the lists are established by alphabetical order of the names. In other regions, the lists are established following the alphabetical order of the country names - please see "Tropical Cyclone Names Worldwide" below for more details. In general, tropical cyclones are named according to the rules at a regional level.
It is important to note that tropical cyclones/hurricanes/typhoons are not named after any particular person. The names selected are those that are familiar to the people in each region. Storms are named for people to easily understand and remember the tropical cyclone/hurricane/typhoon in their region, thus facilitating disaster risk awareness, preparedness, management and reduction.
Tropical Cyclone FAQ
Northern Indian Ocean Names - Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal
The WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones (hereafter the Panel) at its twenty-seventh Session held in 2000 in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, agreed in principal to assign names to the tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. The naming of the tropical cyclones over north Indian Ocean commenced from September 2004, with names provided by eight Members. Since then, five countries have joined the Panel.
- The Panel Member’s names are listed alphabetically country wise.
- The names will be used sequentially column wise.
- The first name will start from the first row of column one and continue sequentially to the last row in the column thirteen.
- The names of tropical cyclones over the north Indian Ocean will not be repeated, once used it will cease to be used again. The name should be new. It should not be there in the already existing list of any of the RSMCs worldwide including RSMC New Delhi.
- The name of a tropical cyclone from south China Sea which crosses Thailand and emerge into the Bay of Bengal as a Tropical cyclone will not be changed.
The RSMC New Delhi Tropical Cyclone Center is responsible to name the tropical cyclones that have formed over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea when they have reached the relevant intensity.
The names to be used will be taken from the list below, starting with Nisarga, then Gati, Nivar, etc.
| WMO/ESCAP Panel Member countries | Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | ||||
| Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | |
| Bangladesh | Nisarga | Nisarga | Biparjoy | Biporjoy | Arnab | Ornab | Upakul | Upokul |
| India | Gati | Gati | Tej | Tej | Murasu | Murasu | Aag | Aag |
| Iran | Nivar | Nivar | Hamoon | Hamoon | Akvan | Akvan | Sepand | Sepand |
| Maldives | Burevi | Burevi | Midhili | Midhili | Kaani | Kaani | Odi | Odi |
| Myanmar | Tauktae | Tau’Te | Michaung | Migjaum | Ngamann | Ngaman | Kyarthit | Kjathi |
| Oman | Yaas | Yass | Remal | Re-Mal | Sail | Sail | Naseem | Naseem |
| Pakistan | Gulab | Gul-Aab | Asna | As-Na | Sahab | Sa-Hab | Afshan | Af-Shan |
| Qatar | Shaheen | Shaheen | Dana | Dana | Lulu | Lulu | Mouj | Mouj |
| Saudi Arabia | Jawad | Jowad | Fengal | Feinjal | Ghazeer | Razeer | Asif | Aasif |
| Sri Lanka | Asani | Asani | Shakhti | Shakhti | Gigum | Gigum | Gagana | Gagana |
| Thailand | Sitrang | Si-Trang | Montha | Mon-Tha | Thianyot | Thian-Yot | Bulan | Bu-Lan |
| United Arab Emirates | Mandous | Man-Dous | Senyar | Sen-Yaar | Afoor | Aa-Foor | Nahhaam | Nah-Haam |
| Yemen | Mocha | Mokha | Ditwah | Ditwah | Diksam | Diksam | Sira | Sira |
| WMO/ESCAP Panel Member countries | Column 5 | Column 6 | Column 7 | Column 8 | ||||
| Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | |
| Bangladesh | Barshon | Borshon | Rajani | Rojoni | Nishith | Nishith | Urmi | Urmi |
| India | Vyom | Vyom | Jhar | Jhor | Probah | Probaho | Neer | Neer |
| Iran | Booran | Booran | Anahita | Anahita | Azar | Azar | Pooyan | Pooyan |
| Maldives | Kenau | Kenau | Endheri | Endheri | Riyau | Riyau | Guruva | Guruva |
| Myanmar | Sapakyee | Zabagji | Wetwun | We’wum | Mwaihout | Mwei’hau | Kywe | Kjwe |
| Oman | Muzn | Muzn | Sadeem | Sadeem | Dima | Dima | Manjour | Manjour |
| Pakistan | Manahil | Ma-Na-Hil | Shujana | Shu-Ja-Na | Parwaz | Par-Waaz | Zannata | Zan Naa Ta |
| Qatar | Suhail | Es’hail | Sadaf | Sadaf | Reem | Reem | Rayhan | Rayhan |
| Saudi Arabia | Sidrah | Sadrah | Hareed | Haareed | Faid | Faid | Kaseer | Kusaer |
| Sri Lanka | Verambha | Ve-Ram-Bha | Garjana | Garjana | Neeba | Neeba | Ninnada | Nin-Na-Da |
| Thailand | Phutala | Phu-Ta-La | Aiyara | Ai-Ya-Ra | Saming | Sa-Ming | Kraison | Krai-Son |
| United Arab Emirates | Quffal | Quf-Faal | Daaman | Daa-Man | Deem | Deem | Gargoor | Gar-Goor |
| Yemen | Bakhur | Bakhoor | Ghwyzi | Ghwayzi | Hawf | Hawf | Balhaf | Balhaf |
| WMO/ ESCAP Panel Member countries | Column 9 | Column 10 | Column 11 | Column 12 | Column 13 | |||||
| Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | Name | Pron’ | |
| Bangladesh | Meghala | Meghla | Samiron | Somiron | Pratikul | Protikul | Sarobor | Sorobor | Mahanisha | Mohanisha |
| India | Prabhanjan | Prabhanjan | Ghurni | Ghurni | Ambud | Ambud | Jaladhi | Jaladhi | Vega | Vega |
| Iran | Arsham | Arsham | Hengame | Hengame | Savas | Savas | Tahamtan | Tahamtan | Toofan | Toofan |
| Maldives | Kurangi | Kurangi | Kuredhi | Kuredhi | Horangu | Horangu | Thundi | Thundi | Faana | Faana |
| Myanmar | Pinku | Pinnku | Yinkaung | Jin Gaun | Linyone | Lin Joun | Kyeekan | Kji Gan | Bautphat | Bau’hpa |
| Oman | Rukam | Roukaam | Watad | Wa Tad | Al-jarz | Al-Jarouz | Rabab | Ra Bab | Raad | Raad |
| Pakistan | Sarsar | Sar-Sar | Badban | Baad-Baan | Sarrab | Sarrab | Gulnar | Gul-Nar | Waseq | Waa-Seq |
| Qatar | Anbar | Anbar | Oud | Oud | Bahar | Bahar | Seef | Seef | Fanar | Fanaar |
| Saudi Arabia | Nakheel | Nakheel | Haboob | Haboob | Bareq | Bariq | Alreem | Areem | Wabil | Wobil |
| Sri Lanka | Viduli | Viduli | Ogha | Ogha | Salitha | Salitha | Rivi | Rivi | Rudu | Rudu |
| Thailand | Matcha | Mat-Cha | Mahingsa | Ma-Hing-Sa | Phraewa | Phrae-Wa | Asuri | A-Su-Ri | Thara | Tha-Ra |
| United Arab Emirates | Khubb | Khubb | Degl | Degl | Athmad | Ath-Md | Boom | Boom | Saffar | Saf-Faar |
| Yemen | Brom | Brom | Shuqra | Shuqrah | Fartak | Fartak | Darsah | Darsah | Samhah | Samhah |
Note:
- Panel Members name are listed alphabetically country wise
- The names will be used sequentially column-wise
- The first name will start from the first row of column one and continue sequentially to the last row in the column thirteen
- Table will be used only once
- The names already used from the list till December 2025 are shown in italic.
Southwest Indian Ocean Names
The list of names to be used in the South‑West Indian Ocean area for identifying tropical (or subtropical) storms that will develop during the next seasons within the area bounded by Equator to 40°S west of 90°E to the east coast of Africa, has been validated by the Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC) at its last session. The three lists of names shown hereafter will serve as the reference and basis to establish the future lists, just rotating them forward and changing the names having been used operationally during the corresponding ended cyclone seasons, replacing them by new names provided by the Members (and never used before) at the next TCC session.
The name is chosen, following alphabetical order, from a predefined list of names validated for the basin and for the cyclone season of reference (starting each season with the name with the initial letter “A”), except when a tropical system already named in the South-East Indian Ocean (east of 90° E) shifts to the South-West Indian Ocean. In this case the original name is kept unchanged.
Cyclonic season/Saison cyclonique 2023-2024 | Cyclonic season/Saison cyclonique 2024-2025 | Cyclonic season/Saison cyclonique 2025-2026 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Names/Noms | Provided by /Fournis par | Gender /Genre | Names/Noms | Provided by /Fournis par | Gender /Genre | Names/Noms | Provided by /Fournis par | Gender /Genre |
| ALVARO | Mozambique | M | ANCHA | Comoros | F | AWO | Malawi | N |
| BELAL | Mauritius | M | BHEKI | Eswatini | M | BLOSSOM | Seychelles | F |
| CANDICE | France | F | CHIDO | Zimbabwe | F | CHENGE | Tanzania | M |
| DJOUNGOU | Comoros | N | DIKELEDI | South Africa | F | DUDZAI | Zimbabwe | F |
| ELEANOR | Zimbabwe | F | ELVIS | Seychelles | M | EWETSE | Botswana | N |
| FILIPO | Botswana | M | FAIDA | Tanzania | F | FYTIA | Madagascar | F |
| GAMANE | Eswatini | F | GARANCE | France | F | GEZANI | South Africa | M |
| HIDAYA | Tanzania | F | HONDE | Malawi | M | HORACIO | Mozambique | M |
| IALY | Madagascar | F | IVONE | Mozambique | F | INDUSA | Kenya | F |
| JEREMY | Seychelles | M | JUDE | Seychelles | M | JULUKA | Eswatini | M |
| KANGA | South Africa | N | KANTO | Madagascar | F | KUNDAI | Zimbabwe | M |
| LUDZI | Malawi | N | LIRA | Lesotho | M | LISEBO | Lesotho | F |
| MELINA | Tanzania | F | MAIPELO | Botswana | F | MICHEL | France | M |
| NOAH | France | M | NJAZI | Malawi | F | NOUSRA | Comoros | F |
| ONIAS | Zimbabwe | M | OSCAR | France | M | OLIVIER | Mauritius | M |
| PELAGIE | Madagascar | F | PAMELA | Tanzania | F | POKERA | Malawi | F |
| QUAMAR | Comoros | M | QUENTIN | Kenya | M | QUINCY | Seychelles | F |
| RITA | Seychelles | F | RAJAB | Comoros | M | REBAONE | Botswana | N |
| SOLANI | Eswatini | M | SAVANA | Mozambique | F | SALAMA | Comoros | F |
| TARIK | Mauritius | M | THEMBA | Eswatini | M | TRISTAN | France | M |
| URILIA | South Africa | N | UYAPO | Botswana | N | URSULA | Kenya | F |
| VUYANE | Lesotho | M | VIVIANE | Mauritius | F | VIOLET | South Africa | F |
| WAGNER | Kenya | M | WALTER | South Africa | M | WILSON | Mozambique | M |
| XUSA | Malawi | N | XANGY | Madagascar | M | XILA | Madagascar | M |
| YARONA | Botswana | N | YEMURAI | Zimbabwe | F | YEKELA | Eswatini | M |
| ZACARIAS | Mozambique | M | ZANELE | Lesotho | F | ZAINA | Tanzania | F |
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