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Class 12 Geography Important Question (English Medium)

Book 1 Fundamentals of Human Geography

Chapter 1 Human Geography - Nature and Scope
· Define human geography. Name some sub-fields of human geography.
· Make a list of physical and human components of your surroundings.
· Explain naturalisation of humans. Give example from the Abhujhmaad area of central India.
· Write a note on the scope of human geography.
· Explain Neo determinism or stop and go determinism.

Chapter 2 World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
· Define the Density of Population. Discuss the factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world.
· Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.
· There are a number of areas with high population density in the world. Why does this happen?
· What are the three components of population change?
· Distinguish between: Birth rate and death rate, Push factors and pull factors of migration.
· “Asia has many places where people are few and few place where people are very many” Who gave this statement?

Chapter 3 Human Development
· Which scholars introduced the concept of Human Development?
· What are the three basic areas of human development?
· Name the four main components of human development? OR What are the Four Pillars of Human Development?
· Explain the four major Approaches to Human Development.
· Explain the HDI?
· Which is the only country in the world to officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress?

Chapter 4 Primary Activities
· Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.
· Market gardening is practiced near urban areas. Why?
· Large scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration.
· Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.
· Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.
· Explain in Brief: Mixed Farming, Dairy Farming, Mediterranean Agriculture and truck farming.
· What is mining? What are the major methods of mining?

Map Items for identification only on outline political map of the World.
Chapter 4 Primary Activities
· Areas of subsistence gathering
· Major areas of nomadic herding of the world
· Major areas of commercial livestock rearing
· Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming
· Major areas of mixed farming of the World

Book 2 India - People and Economy

Chapter 1 Population - Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
· Which one is the largest linguistic group of India?
· Which states has the highest density of population in India?
· Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.
· Which states have large rural population in India? Give one reason for such large rural population.
· Why do some states of India have higher rates of work participation than others?
· ‘The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.’ – Explain.
· Discuss the spatial pattern of density of population in India.
· Give an account of the occupational structure of India’s population.

Chapter 2 Human Settlements
· What is the definition of a town as per the census of India?
· What are garrisson towns? What is their function?
· What are the main factors for the location of villages in desert regions?
· Discuss the features of different types of rural settlements. What are the factors responsible for the settlement patterns in different physical environments?
· What are Hamlet Settlements? Give Example.
· Differentiate between Clustered Settlements and Dispersed Settlements.
· Can one imagine the presence of only one-function town? Why do the cities become multi-functional?
· What are the Urban Settlements? Explain the Ancient Towns, Medieval Towns and Modern Towns with examples.

Chapter 3 Land Resources and Agriculture
· In which countries of the world, HYVs of wheat and rice were developed?
· Differentiate between barren and wasteland and culturable wasteland.
· How would you distinguish between net sown area and gross cropped area?
· What is cropping intensity (CI)? How it calculated?
· What is the difference between dry land and wetland farming?
· What are the different types of environmental problems of land resources in India?
· What are the important strategies for agricultural development followed in the post-independence period in India?
· What can be possible impacts of consumption of contaminated/unclean water on the people?
· What do you mean by Cropping Seasons? What are the major Cropping Seasons in India?
· Explain the following crops in brief – Jowar, Pulses, Tur (Arhar), Rapeseed and Mustard and Groundnut.
· What are Fibre Crops? Give two example of fibre crops?
· What do you mean by beverage? Which crops are called beverage crops? Give example and explain in brief.

Chapter 4 Water Resources
· It is said that the water resources in India have been depleting very fast. Discuss the factors responsible for depletion of water resources?
· What factors are responsible for the highest groundwater development in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu?
· Discuss the availability of water resources in the country and factors that determine its spatial distribution?
· The depleting water resources may lead to social conflicts and disputes. Elaborate it with suitable examples?
· What is watershed management? Do you think it can play an important role in sustainable development? OR Explain Haryali, Neeru-Meeru, and Arvary Pani Sansad programme in brief.
· What are the major sources of the Surface Water Resources?
· Explain the Rainwater Harvesting with diagram.
· Highlights of India’s National Water Policy, 2002.
· When the Jal Kranti Abhiyan was launched by the government of India?

Map Items for locating and labeling only on the political outline map of India

Chapter 1 Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
• State with highest population density (2011)
• State with lowest population density (2011)

Chapter 3 Land Resources and Agriculture
Leading producing states of the following crops:
(a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Jute (e) Sugarcane (f) Tea and (g) Coffee

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