NCERT Exercise
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given
below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition
of the population in
(a) The area of departure
(b) The area of arrival
(c) Both the area of departure and arrival
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) A
large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) High birth rates
(b) High life expectancies
(c) High death rates
(d) More married couples
Ans. (a) High birth rates
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) The total population of an area
(b) The number of persons added each year
(c) The rate at which the population increases
(d) The number of females per thousand males
Ans. (b) The number of persons added each year
(iv)
According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) Can read and write his/her name
(b) Can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with
understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Ans. (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with
understanding
2.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining
since 1981?
Ans. The rate of population in India is declining since 1981 because
of the decrease in the birth rate, the spread of education, family planning
programmes and national population policy, 2000.
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
Ans. Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a
country/territory during a specific period of time, say during the last 10
years. The numbers, distribution and composition of the population are
constantly changing.
There are three main processes of change of
population: birth rates, death rates and migration.
(a) Birth
rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It
is a major component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been
higher than death rates.
(b) Death
rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
The main cause of the rate of growth of the Indian population has been the
rapid decline in death rates.
(c) The
third component of population growth is migration. Migration is the
movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal
(within the country) or international (between the countries).
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
Ans. The age structure or age composition of a population refers to
the number of people in different age groups in a country. It is one of the
most basic characteristics of a population.
The population of a nation is, generally, grouped into three
broad categories:
(a) Children (generally below 15 years) - They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
(b) Working Age (15–59 years) - They are economically productive and biologically reproductive. They comprise the working population.
(c) Aged (Above 59 years) - They can be economically productive though they may have retired. They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.
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| India Population age structure |
Note – See the previous
question’s answer for the definition of death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Ans. Migration is an important determinant of
population change. It changes not only the population size but also the
population composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age and sex
composition.
In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady
increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns. The urban
population has increased from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to
31.80 per cent in 2011. There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million
plus (1000000+) cities’ from 35 to 53 in just one decade, i.e., 2001 to 2011.
3. Distinguish between
population growth and population change.
Ans. Population Growth - Population growth is determined
by the number of individuals added to the population and the number of lost
individuals. Population growth is determined by magnitude and pace. By
adding initial population size, birth rate and immigration and subtracting from
the gross total, the death rates + emigration rates, growth is worked out.
Population
Change - Population change is determined by the birth rates, death
rates, and migration. This change may be positive or negative. Population
change depends on several factors, i.e. public awareness to family planning,
restrictive legislations on immigration etc.
4. What is the relation between
occupational structure and development?
Ans.
(a)
The relation between occupational structure
and development is a definite relationship.
(b)
The higher level of income
depends on the higher proportion of population in secondary and tertiary
activities. The lower level of income depends upon the higher dependence
of population on agriculture or primary activities.
(c)
That is the only reason that countries
where a high proportion of people is engaged in the primary activities, they
are counted among the developing countries, e.g. India.
(d)
The countries where a higher proportion of
people is engaged in secondary and tertiary activities, which are counted among
the developed countries e.g. USA, Japan etc.
5. What are the advantages of
having a healthy population?
Ans. Healthy population is
beneficial in many ways:
(i)
Healthy person can work for many hours
without any fatigue.
(ii)
Healthy population of a country can give
its more and more time in production and it can increase the national income of
country.
(iii)
By raising national income of a country,
the standard of living of the population can be reformed.
(iv)
Healthy population has the ability to think
more efficiently, positively and intellectually.
(v)
If the population is healthy then
government need not to spend its income for their medicine rather it can be
invested for some progress in economy.
(vi)
In the development or growth of an economy
healthy population plays a vital role in every respect.
6. What are the significant
features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Ans. The significant Features
of the National Population Policy, 2000:
(i)
Recognising that the planning of families
would improve individual health and welfare, the Government of India initiated
a comprehensive Family Planning Programme in 1952.
(ii)
The Family Welfare Programme has sought to
promote responsible and planned parenthood on a voluntary basis.
(iii)
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000
is a culmination of years of planned efforts.
(iv)
The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework
for imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age, reducing
infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, achieving universal
immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases, promoting
delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centred
programme.
Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Population (जनसंख्या) NCERT Solution (Hindi Medium)