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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: NATURE AND SCOPE

Q. 1. Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of: 
(A)  animals
(B)  technology
(C)  arts
(D)  birds
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed a better understanding of natural laws. 

Q. 2. The interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature is termed as: 
(A)  environmental determinism
(B)  neo- determinism
(C)  bio- determinism
(D)  anti-determinism
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The  environmental determinism suggests that humans are not a product of their 
environment, but rather that they possess the skills necessary to change their environment to 
satisfy human needs.

Q. 3. Neo- determinism was introduced by: 
(A)  Marx
(B)  Griffith Taylor 
(C)  Newton
(D)  Mahatma Gandhi
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Griffith Taylor introduced the concept of Neo- determinism which reflects 
a middle path  between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism.  

Q. 4. Radical School of Thought employed: 
(A)  Gandhian Theory  (B)  Humanistic Theory
(C)  Marxian Theory  (D)  All of these
  Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Radical school of thought employed Marxian theory to explain the basic cause of poverty, deprivation and social inequality.
  
Q. 5. Behavioural School of Thought laid emphasis on:
(A)  past experience  (B)  live experience
(C)  present experience  (D)  None of the above
  Ans. Option (B) is correct.
  
Q. 6. Arrange the correct sequence of column II against column I  
Column I (Field of Human Geography) 
(i) Social Geography 
(ii) Political Geography
(iii) Economic Geography
(iv) Settlement Geography
Column II (Sub-Field)
1. Rural Planning
2. Marketing Geography
3. Military Geography
4. Gender Geography

(A)  (i) - 3, (ii) - 4, (iii) - 1, (iv) - 2
(B)  (i) - 4, (ii) - 3, (iii) - 2, (iv) - 1 
(C)  (i) - 4, (ii) - 1, (iii) - 2, (iv) - 3 
(D)  (i) - 3, (ii) - 2, (iii) - 1, (iv) - 4
  Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The different fields of human is associated and deals with humans and their relationships with communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across locations.
  
Q. 7. Which sub-field of geography is called Demography?   
(A)  Population Geography
(B)  Gender Geography
(C)  Rural Geography
(D)  Urban Geography
  Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Population Geography relates spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations to the terrain. 
 
 Q. 8. What is called the mother of all branches of knowledge?  
(A)  Sociology  (B)  Geography
(C)  History  (D)  Psychology
  Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Geography is sometimes considered as the mother of all sciences due to its links and influences on a range of other scientific fields including biology, mathematics, anthropology, geology, astronomy and chemistry.

ASSERTION AND REASON BASED MCQs
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of 
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A)  Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B)  Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C)  A is true but R is false.
(D)  A is false and R is true.
  
Q. 1. Assertion  (A): Alluvial soil is ideal for growth of paddy, wheat, cereal and pulse crops.
   Reason  (R): Alluvial soil is well-known for is capacity to hold moisture.  
  Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Alluvial soil contains adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime 
which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops. 
Not water-retention but this property makes it ideal for the growth of wheat, paddy, cereal 
and pulse crops.

  Q. 2. Assertion  (A): The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for the development of any region.
   Reason  (R): Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in technology is 
necessary for development of any region. 
  Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Mere availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology 
and institutions may hinder development. Thus, both resources and advanced technologies 
contribute in development of a region.

  Q. 3. Assertion (A): Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation.
   Reason  (R): Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. It restricts the filtration of water.
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture that is why it becomes unfit for cultivation.

  Q. 4. Assertion  (A): Processes of soil formation and erosion goes simultaneously and creates a balance between the two.
   Reason  (R): The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is soil erosion. 
 Ans.  Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Soil formation and erosion goes simultaneously but this balance is disturbed 
due to human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction , mining and natural forces like wind, glacier and water lead to soil erosion. 
  
Q. 5. Assertion (A): Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
   Reason  (R): Soil supports different types of living organisms on earth. 
  Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Soil is a living system. Soil helps to grow plants, supports natural vegetation 
and economic activities like agriculture Its universal usage proves that it is the most 
important renewable natural resource.
  
Q. 6. Assertion (A): Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
   Reason  (R): Land can be used for various  purposes.  
  Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Land is a natural resource of utmost importance as it supports human life and 
wild life, economic activities like agriculture, mining, transport and communication system.

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