गहन निर्वाह कृषि बनाम वाणिज्यिक खाद्यान्न कृषि Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Vs Commercial Food Grain Agriculture
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: -
- This type of agriculture is largely found in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia.
- There are two types of intensive subsistence agriculture.
- (i) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation: This type of agriculture is characterized by dominance of the rice crop. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land. Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. Farmyard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil. In this type of agriculture, the yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low.
- (ii) Intensive subsidence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy: Due to the difference in relief, climate, soil and some of the other geographical factors, it is not practical to grow paddy in many parts of monsoon Asia. Wheat, soyabean, barley and sorghum are grown in northern China, Manchuria, North Korea and North Japan. In India wheat is grown in western parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains and millets are grown in dry parts of western and southern India. Most of the characteristics of this type of agriculture are similar to those dominated by wet paddy except that irrigation is often used.
- The Europeans colonized many parts in the world, and they introduced some other forms of agriculture such as plantations which were mainly profit-oriented large scale production systems.
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| गहन निर्वाह कृषि बनाम वाणिज्यिक खाद्यान्न कृषि Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Vs Commercial Food Grain Agriculture |
Que What is the Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation?
Ans.
- Commercial grain cultivation is practiced in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid-latitudes.
- Wheat is the principal crop, though other crops like corn, barley, oats and rye are also grown.
- The size of the farm is very large, therefore entire operations of cultivation from ploughing to harvesting are mechanized.
- There is low yield per acre but high yield per person.
- This type of agriculture is best developed in Eurasian steppes, the Canadian and American Prairies, the Pampas of Argentina, the Velds of South Africa, the Australian Downs and the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand.
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