The Indian Desert
To the northwest of the Aravali hills lies the Great Indian desert.
Thar Desert Location |
It is a land of undulating topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans.
Thar Desert |
This region receives low rainfall below 150 mm per year; hence, it has arid climate with low vegetation cover. It is because of these characteristic features that this is also known as Marusthali.
It is believed that during the Mesozoic era (The Mesozoic Era is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.), this region was under the sea. This can be corroborated by the evidence available at wood fossils park at Aakal and marine deposits around Brahmsar, near Jaisalmer (The approximate age of the wood-fossils is estimated to be 180 million years).
Akal Wood Fossil Park Jaisalmer |
Though the underlying rock structure of the desert is an extension of the Peninsular plateau, yet, due to extreme arid conditions, its surface features have been carved by physical weathering and wind actions.
Physical Weathering and Wind actions |
Mushroom rocks, Shifting Sand Dunes and Oasis |
On the basis of the orientation, the desert can be divided into two parts: the northern part is sloping towards Sindh and the southern towards the Rann of Kachchh.
Thar Desert Slope |
Most of the rivers in this region are ephemeral. The Luni River flowing in the southern part of the desert is of some significance.
The Luni River Basin |
Low precipitation and high evaporation make it a water deficit region. There are some streams which disappear after flowing for some distance and present a typical case of inland drainage by joining a lake or playa. The lakes and the playas have brackish water which is the main source of obtaining salt.
Playa Lake and Brackish Water |
भारतीय मरुस्थल - थार
विशाल भारतीय मरुस्थल अरावली पहाड़ियों से उत्तर-पश्चिम में स्थित है। यह एक ऊबड़-खाबड़ भूतल है जिस पर बहुत से अनुदैर्ध्य रेतीले टीले और बरखान पाए जाते हैं। यहाँ पर वार्षिक वर्षा 150 मिलीमीटर से कम होती है और परिणामस्वरूप यह एक शुष्क और वनस्पति रहित क्षेत्र है। इन्ही स्थलाकृतिक गुणों के कारण इसे ‘मरुस्थली’ के नाम से जाना जाता है।You Can Also Visit...
Map of Indian Physical Divisions and ReliefPhysiographic divisions of India भारत के भौगोलिक खंड
The North and Northeastern Mountains उत्तर और उत्तरपूर्वी पर्वत
Regional Classification of the Himalayas हिमालय का प्रादेशिक वर्गीकरण
The Northern Plains उत्तरी मैदान
The Peninsular Plateau प्रायद्वीपीय पठार
The Indian Desert - Thar Desert भारतीय मरुस्थल - थार रेगिस्तान
The Coastal Plains तटीय मैदान
The Islands द्वीपसमूह